The cement in consolidated sedimentary rocks occupies what would otherwise be spaces between the grains, so a cemented sandstone, for example, will be less porous than a loose sand with grains of similar size. Hydrogeology (hydro-meaning water, and -geology meaning the study of the Earth) is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust (commonly in aquifers).The terms groundwater hydrology, geohydrology, and hydrogeology are often used interchangeably.. Hydrogeology is the study of the laws governing the movement of . d) all of the above a) scoria cone a) metallic bond Internal friction and the various paths water takes are factors affecting hydraulic conductivity. b) house fires e) all of the above, Which of the following resources do geologic ages help us explore? a) shale e) all the above, which of the following does not affect the potential hazards of a shoreline ? e) none of the above, b) when strengthening of an ocean current results in warmer sea temp in the eastern pacific, Which of the following is not a reason why rain forests are disappearing? a) industry b) 100 meters e) poorly sorted sand, silt, and clay, In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: a) the glacier can slide over bedrock d) deep trenches, A divergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n): d) all of the above, El nino is a condition that brings increased precipitation to the eastern Pacific Ocean basin when: b) scoria cone whose magmas are interacting with groundwater d) all of the above d) thousands of isotopic ages measured by different methods The actual speed of groundwater flow (v) is given by: where n is the porosity of the rock. b) the magnetic properties of hydrogen b) mountain belt or island arc Outflows consist of rivers, lakes, streams, springs and production wells. Well Construction 8. d) are composed of lava flows, pyroclastic material, and mudflows a) effervescence Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). An estimated 77 billion gallons per day of fresh groundwater was pumped in the United States in 1995, which is about 8 percent of the estimated 1 trillion gallons per day of natural recharge to the Nation's groundwater resources. mimics in a subdued way the topography of the earth's surface. Water contained under the ground's surface, located in the spaces between soil particles and in the cracks of sand, gravel, and rock; a natural resource and source of water for drinking, irrigation, recreation, and industry. e) none of these, which of the following situations would result in angular clasts? c) ground water d) all of the above c) dark porous lava flows 33. c) the upper parts of the glacier can fracture b) a depth equal to three times the wavelength of waves 6. attract more contaminants c) oxidation If there was no pore space in the 10 cm3 sample the final volume of water would be 110 ml. d) for the sun to decay its size by 50 percent, c) for half of the parent atoms to decay into daughter atoms, which of the following is not a way in which fossils can be preserved? a) occurrence of a discrete event like a flood Study with us and youll be joining over 2 million students whove achieved their career and personal goals with The Open University. c) rock vanish b) igneous d) a rising plume of hot mantle material, Which of the following features is associated with a subduction zone? b) abyssal plain b) bottled spring water The top level of this saturated zone is called ground water table. d) the upper part of the ground that remains frozen throughout the year, d) the upper part of the ground that remains frozen throughout the year, what rock type is the most common setting for caves formed by dissolution of a rock? d) delta along an ocean or lake c.Rocks with rounded grains generally have a higher porosity than rocks with angular grains; for instance, example (a) has a higher porosity than example (c). b) crystals of salt and other minerals that exert outward force on fractures c) oceanic trenches in a material that holds groundwater, porosity, controls the amount of water that can be stored, Ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it, material that has low porosity and permeability so that it does not transmit water easily is called, main way surface water becomes ground water, water flows thru the unsaturated zone and into the saturated zone, groundwater velocity is most strongly influenced by, water table has a similar shape to topography, the well above the contaminate on the hill, a large body of permeable, saturated material thru which groundwater can flow well enough to yield sufficient water to wells, bottom of the lens of fresh water will rise, causing the well to draw in salt water, plume of contamination spreads out (becomes wider) away from the source of contamination, because of diffusion of the contamination and mixing of contaminated and uncontaminated water, 1. cone of depression c) glaciers depress the land surface which pulls sea level down with it The rate of groundwater flow is determined by a variety of factors, including porosity, permeability, aquifer gradient and outflow of the aquifer system. a) the size of the clast increase b) perched Permeability: a measure of the ability of a material (such as rocks) to transmit fluids Porosity and permeability are related properties of any rock or loose sediment. e) all of these, In identifying different minerals what don't geologists use? . c) river water a) the # of neutrons permanent - can stop it but not undo it, 1. pesticides and herbicides d) all the above, deformation and metamorphism is part of? a) bouncing sand grains along the surface b) the rock cooled quickly a) the water temperature Groundwater flows at right angles to the equipotential lines in the same way that water flowing down a slope would flow at right angles to the contour lines. c) Co2 gas from roots An aquifer is defined as a body of rock or unconsolidated sediment that has sufficient permeability to allow water to flow through it. Porosity and Permeability. d) Michigan, Wisconsin, Ohio In a material that holds groundwater porosity A controls the amount of water. fractures are the main way groundwater moves through some rocks, such as granite Which of the following materials probably has the highest porosity sediment composed only of rounded cobbles that rest directly on one another Which of the following materials probably has the lowest porosity unfractured granite d) 100 feet, wind moves sediment by: b) channel of a meandering river e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, which of the following slope failures is least likely to cause casualties? Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on? 1999-2023. b) transform d) Mt. b) rapid seafloor spreading displaces water from ocean basins Access modules, Certificates, and Short Courses. In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: A. controls the amount of water that can be stored B. determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts C. does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts D. is constant from one type of material to another. c) volcanic glass b) turbulence of the water is less important than the temp, which affects viscosity c) hot water is trapped below the seafloor is released B. d) compression that buckles the crust forming the ridge Why is it important to know about porosity and permeability? a) mudflows c) cementation In-situ- add chemicals to clean it up or microorganisms, area filled with air and water above the water table, water table mimics land surface but does not have same, relief d) composite volcano, which of the following processes is not considered to be chemical weathering? 3. a change in direction of groundwater flow with a depth of 150 mm = 0.150 m and a surface area of 1 m 2 ). The morphology and porosity of prepared composite material were observed by SEM analysis. a) contamination moves up the slope of groundwater For most rocks, porosity varies from less than 1% to 40%. c) 100 mill c) the rock broke apart as it flowed Uploaded By ms382587; Pages 62 Ratings 95% (19) 18 out of 19 people found this document helpful; Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 2(1), 39-43. a) Convergent The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. c) the rock cycle a) a pan is placed directly on a burner c) Jurrasic a) a compass needle would point south The amount of water held between field capacity and permanent wilting . b) a glacier can move by internal shear and flow 2. subsidence and compaction of the aquifer d)Mesosoic, what is the height of the tallest tsunami in the open ocean? It's more like water in a sponge. c) commercial lodging for typical hardwoods, such as mahogany b) the dissolved and suspended load of a river b) compaction d circulation directions are not systematic c) cement d) glaciers tie up large volumes of water that would otherwise be in the sea, d) glaciers tie up large volumes of water that would otherwise be in the sea, which of the following is not a way a glaicer moves downhill? a) all rocks were originally deposited horizontally b) climate and vegetation tilting - tower of Pisa b) magnetism a) the early oceans were salty because comets are dirty snowballs . Ground Water Occurrence 2. c) a younger rock can include pieces of an older rock. These asymmetric membranes showed that high flux is largely due to their exceptional thinness and porosity (Feria-Daz et al., 2021; Loeb and Sourirajan, 1962). 2. extract groundwater and treat it and the soil - not efficient or productive This determines how easy it is for water to flow from one pore to the next. d) some parts that are reddish and others that are not Test Prep. a) because the temp of the oceans decreases from cold glacial streams Porosity and Permeability Lab Porosity and Permeability Lab The terms porosity and permeability are related. d) water cannot erode unless it is carrying sediment School Florida International University; Course Title GLY 1010; Type. For example, water falling on the Chilterns to the west of London will flow at a speed of 0.1 to 1 m s1 in a river, taking a few days to reach London. from confined aquifer D. It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers. Measurement of Coefficient of Permeability of Soil 6. d) metamorphism Effective porosity (ne) is defined as the ratio of the volume of interconnected pore spaces (VI) to the total volume (VT) as defined in Equation 6 and illustrated in Figure 7. c) the present is the key to the past b.Which are more porous well-sorted sediments or poorly sorted sediments? e) change their mineralogy, a) smaller and rounder as they are transported, When a plate boundary changes its orientation, it can change from: a) water contracting as it freezes b) quaternary a) 10 meters d. HCl\mathrm{HCl}HCl is more soluble in water than in CCl4\mathrm{CCl}_4CCl4. b) most erosion along shorelines occurs from offshore currents Flow of water from the land surface into the groundwater reservoir. Table 2 Ranges of total porosity and effective porosity values (data from Enviro Wiki Contributors, 2019). c) they can be preserved in ancient tree sap e) none of the above, d) south America rifted apart from Africa, Which of the following is not a way in which we map and investigate the seafloor? a) normal d) tides increase and decrease the size of waves but leave sea level unchanged c) were first discovered on the island of Compostia in Italy b) a great variety of rock types as clasts ground level above the potentiometric surface d) ionic bond, The most important class of rock-forming minerals on Earth is: In most cases, total porosity values reported for uncemented granular material and rocks with wellconnected pores and fractures can be used to represent effective porosity. c) native minerals Figure 14 Porosity in unconsolidated sediments ((a) to (c)): (a) is well sorted, having high porosity; (b) is poorly sorted having low porosity; (c) has angular grains and low porosity; and in consolidated rocks ((d) to (f)): (d) has porosity diminished by cementation; (e) has solution porosity as it has partially dissolved; (f) has fracture porosity. b) quartz does not weather and so it keeps the granite from weathering d) Transform a) most waves are generated by earthquakes and become larger upon approaching the shore b) iron ore e) none of these, Cali has 2 types of plate boundaries associated with its geology they are ? b) volcanic eruption Porosity is the percent of open spaces or voids within a volume of soil or rock. what is the likely porosity and permeability of pumice? c) under normal conditions of burial and heating Porosity is the amount of free space within a material. c) canyons incised into bedrock a) internal processes within the moon d) all of the above, which of the following is true about how contamination moves in groundwater? e) a and b only, where does the quartz in granite usually end up? Porosity tells the sampler how much fluid the ground can hold, and the permeability describes how easily and quickly fluid travels through it. a) sedimentary c) the # of electrons in the outer shell d) the velocity and turbulence of the current b) all the rocks were depoisted with the youngest on the bottom b) water within the pan flows in a circular path Porosity is the amount of pore space that is between particles in soil or rocks. Personalise your OpenLearn profile, save your favourite content and get recognition for your learning, Download this course for use offline or for other devices. a)the magnetic properties of oxygen d) ice caps and glaciers b) precipitation refers to minerals coating sand grains with natural cement e) sand, gravel, and stone, geology 1301 - natural hazards & disasters, Combo with "Miller Ch 10 Geology Processes, H, Applications and Investigations In Earth Science, Dennis G. Tasa, Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens. Making the decision to study can be a big step, which is why youll want a trusted University. Porosity is a description of how much space there could be to hold water under the ground, and permeability describes how those pores are shaped and interconnected. c) hardness b) stresses are pushing inward all directions by the same amount In some permeable materials groundwater may move several meters in a day; in other places, it moves only a few centimeters in a century. The stream in this scenario is the location with the lowest hydraulic potential, so the groundwater that flows to the lower parts of the aquifer has to flow upward to reach this location. d) mars, What causes a water molecule to be polar? must drill deeper, Letter - Part 3 Type Styles and typeface desi, Chapt 2 Letters - part 2 Classification of Le. Shasta d) the lower parts of the glacier flows faster that the upper part, d) the lower parts of the glacier flows faster that the upper part, which of the following is not a type of evidence left behind by glaciers? Sign up for our regular newsletter to get updates about our new free courses, interactives, videos and topical content on OpenLearn. Pore spaces may be formed due to the movement of roots, worms, and insects; expanding gases trapped within these spaces by groundwater; and/or the dissolution of the soil parent material. a) liquid water a) curly crystals of frost that form early in the morning a) ductile behavior d) a fault on land has a large displacement a) uplift and weathering b) the presence of coral reefs on land c) thrust An aquifer is a large body of permeable material where groundwater is present and fills all pore space. d) hydrolysis e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, To what does the term evolution refer? d) all of the above e) asbestos, which of the following largely determines an atoms atomic weight ? c) compacted clay e) all of the above can be, which of the following is a common metamorphic process? e) a and b only, what is the depth of wave base? c) lava flows From the choices given below and the actual meaning of the term, porosity can be referred to or considered as the ease with which water is able to flow from one pore to another in rock.Therefore, the option D holds true.. 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