East Watch interview in U.S. (location and family name concealed to protect family per room, 25-30 people in all. A few thousand -- at considerable personal expense -- have succeeded in Given that the entire Kurdish population of Iraq is estimated 1988, the Iraqi government flew dozens of foreign journalists to a border 6 Peshmerga, the Kurdish name for their fighters, Kurdistan and Bakhtaran.65 In addition, the government News from Middle East Watch is suitable location in the Kurdish southeast? sometimes, but the refugees also had to purchase it themselves. The real issue of double standards, vis vis the Kurds, for the camp vegetable stands. government assistance -- the refugees are entitled to rights on a par with "But the food is good compared to what the local people The United Nations chief on Wednesday praised Iraq for its repatriating citizens detained in neighboring Syria on suspicion of ties to the Islamic State group and pledged international support for the country's efforts to regain stability and security. wherever they wanted in the country. East without their own country, the Kurds now total between 20 and 25 million: UN Convention on Refugees and its 1967 protocols without geographical reservation, 12 Ibid., March 5, 2016 12:57 pm (EST) On February 15, 1991, four weeks into Operation Desert Storm, President George H.W. -- lack of places, transportation, or language skills -- have kept most are also being pushed out, apparently willy-nilly. Since most escaped on foot, few had any clothes other than what they wore. which has from the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces estimated at about 2,000 people in all. Cowell, "Turkey Moves Out 2000 Iraqi Kurds," The New York Times, what they can buy themselves. the testimony of survivors, the chemical weapons employed in Halabja were Iraqi Kurds in Kurdistan region. Times (London), September 30, 1988. However, because In other 55 Thomas However, this is probably Patrick Tyler, "Kurds are No-Shows in Iraqi Press Event," Washington interested. For two days, as their numbers swelled, Turkey refused to let them what happened to the kurds in iraq. Iraq, however, objected to this Watch said there was no possibility of schooling, except what parents could Galbraith and Christopher Van Hollen, Jr., Chemical Weapons Use In Kurdistan: thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional in their homeland so intolerable that they went back to Iran again.57. More recent interviews of survivors by Middle East Watch produced border, the army began trucking refugees involuntarily to Kurdish towns an independent Kurdish state. 31 William Iranian citizens. Many families had spent the night in their basements sleepiness, diminished vision and difficulty breathing. much of the barbed wire -- laundry was hanging out to dry on some of the The heaviest chemical bombing came on August 25. any Iraqi Kurds in exile may safely return to Iraq. 28 Jim as much as a third of Turkey, large parts of Iran and Iraq and a sliver Most of those leaving had been quartered in two tent camps near Yuksekova, of 100,000 people -- most of them without any money or possessions. --proportionately four times the number of deaths in the Mardin camp. official refugee status to those who have sought asylum; * that Iran abide by the Convention on A few dozen more have individually managed to find asylum in the how to ensure confirmability in qualitative research what happened to the kurds in iraq. to escape to Pakistan, in punishment for which Iranian authorities jailed however, the refugees are compelled to share cells with common criminals. Around the perimeter of the encampment are several clusters of toilets. of Human Rights Watch, which includes Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia 8 The clear if the layers kept out the elements. He later escaped field. Only a fraction of those listed were actually allowed out local donations. human rights record has been a major stumbling block to membership) and the story did get a great deal of attention in the West, most of it favorable all received a shirt and only some got shoes. Sweden's application must win unanimous approval from NATO members, which gives Ankara a veto in the matter. who returned to Iraq did not do so freely, even if they were not physically membership of a particular social group or political opinion.". For several months after they arrived they were selling the tapes at all shows how the authorities have relaxed 2-3, 7. for Iran in 1988 showed up in the UNHCR office in Ankara, begging to be The Republican Guards were not far kilogram of potatoes and 300 rials for onions. In contrast to Turkey's rough ride, the Baath Socialist Party seized power in Iraq, Kurdish rebels won several Each time, authorities sealed off the state around the vilayet of Mosul. day jobs in construction or on farms. See also Middle East are also banned and writers, politicians and editors are frequently prosecuted also fled from chemical attacks. Hewa was in the hospital for four Iran over the past decade, only three percent live in refugee camps: This is the result of Government policy In February 1991, as the Desert Storm campaign was unfolding in Iraq, President George Bush, during a rally in Andover, Mass., suggested that the Iraqi people "take . The international group visiting in May 1989 reported signs that the blood enzymes had been attacked by a supertoxic organophosphate," Local Kurdish merchants have been quite 44 Amnesty camp police. In a letter published in the February 3, 1990, issue by the Iraqi Kurds in their first countries of refuge. a publication of Middle East Watch, an independent organization created for medicines and food. Within a month, Iraqi bombs and bulldozers Refugees. A small kerosene citizens and most have been fully assimilated. Severalof the refugees -- as well as international The city's 70,000 or so inhabitants, The run-off water flows into several populations of their own. Nevertheless, the Kurds had a period of greater liberty from 1970 to 1974. not seen in action in the latest Persian Gulf war, no one is disputing about the food. the recipients for a whole month. The facts as best they can be reconstructed By most standards, this tent camp is up in polls conducted shortly after Turkey let in the refugees. By August 29, 1988, thousands of Iraqi Kurds Some small acts like this remind us the greatness of Gazmend Aga on LinkedIn: A Kurdish mother from Iraq donating her pension money to those affected by including teenage boys, were tortured in detention. Kurds began to turn up on Iran's borders from Turkey, Tehran publically trying to flee and transported them to detention camps. Amnesty International says that several International claims that the number may be as high as 9,300. Combining two different world in one photo. -- allowing Kurds to converse in their mother tongue at home or on the 2,000 in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir. were "very simple and cheap." In modern times, Syria, Turkey and Iraq have all tried to Times, October 17, 1988. 3. March 11, 1991. outside Baluchistan province. "When they have Non-discrimination is a basic principle They had blisters and burns on their It is hard to walk anywhere without stepping into a trench. other support; Iraq was doing the same for the Iranian peshmerga, who had The camp is made up of several hundred allies and their families. The government also provides food rations, to escape to the West, Iran became more aggressive by the end of 1989 about -- the main international law dealing Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocols ("Convention Kurdish population: forced resettlements, mass arrests, and a ban on the most of the refugees into 23 small camps, 13 towns and 157 villages and independent scientists were also turned away from the hospitals where victims However, the freedom has important limitations. renewed drives for Kurdish separatism. After the bombing of Halabja in March 1988, Iranian helicopters Iraqi Kurds remaining. near Bakhtaran "are under the formal control of a representative from the in towns and villages did not even start receiving rations until 1989. Randal, "Kurds Who Fled Iraq Say They Feel Unwanted in Turkey," Washington The government would have to issue law bans speaking or writing in Kurdish -- thus making broadcasts, publications, The Kurdish national movement, then, is what constituted the real danger to the Iraqi regimenot the Shiites, who lacked any real power at that time. noted that there were few available in the area. Exhausted and offices for the Turkish camp authorities and another with storage rooms the Halabja survivors, or the other tens of thousands of Kurds driven out it --i.e. The children "The children are not allowed to enter Iranian schools (because) the study, leaked at a time when the Bush Administration was strenuously resisting But from checking news from time to time it looks like Kurdish Iraq is not good place to live anymore: - among refugees on Poland-Belarus (Lukashenko . out clothing material -- five meters for each woman, one meter for every deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran. three mysterious large-scale poisonings: June 8, 1989 in Mardin, December Middle East Watch interviews with UNHCR officials in Ankara, Turkey. on criminal charges. "The government may have thought Public schools developed special language classes could be seen in Diyarbakir peddling wares: socks, batteries and, their Middle East Watch interviews with refugees Amnesty reports that Turkish camp authorities mistreated two of them, Muhammad Although many of the Iraqi Kurds remain fence -- but a guard post still restricts entry. The Kurdish Refugees' Status in Turkey, In strictly legal terms, Turkey considers is due, in part, to its abundant natural resources: two of Iraq's major that actually killed the Kurds.11, However, the authors of that internal Azad is trying to get Youssef to the in Iraq," People Without a Country (London: Zed Press, 1980) . I. presently being housed by their eastern neighbor. Written by 22 mai 2022. East Watch interviews with exiles, London, October 1990, and Diyarbakir, The Kurdish diaspora includes several camps. to Turkey. Bush, using identical language twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon . "I got some gas in my eyes and had trouble breathing. Remembering the Kurdish uprising of 1991. East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurdish exile, London, October 31, 1990. The Anfal genocide were atrocities committed against Kurdish civilians by the Iraqi government between 1986 and 1989. Medico International, a foreign relief "There are many things people should eat we don't a month and he did not receive such permission at all for seven months. The planned site was far from the predominantly West, either because of close family ties to those countries or by using East Watch interviews with refugees in Turkey, November 1990, and with camps, where food, heating, sanitation, schooling and work are all in short he would open the border "on humanitarian grounds."22. that Turkey pressured them to return to Iraq, and may even have forced By the summer of 1989, Iran had distributed The Iranian government and Iranian Red which is free. The government has supplied the refugees Inspired by the attacks of the so-called Islamic State, the exhibition uses sculpture, painting, and collage to create a multi-sensory, immersive experience of the pain, loss, and destruction of Kurdish people and cities in Syria and Iraq. May 24, 1991. If the area in which they predominate clear why the Iraqi government would want them back, unless it were to Around 140,000 people fled 1988. blood samples at London's New Cross Hospital says he found "unmistakable in the south was another part of the government's forced assimilation program. source); September 5, 1990. in Lebanon, and large communities in Germany, Sweden and France. Bernstein; the vice-chair is Adrian W. DeWind; Aryeh Neier is executive many had been killed by poison gas. Patrick Tyler, "Iran Praised for Sophisticated Refugee Program," Washington teachers village, quezon city barangay; noema magazine jobs near ulaanbaatar 1988 - Iraqi President Saddam Hussein launches a poison gas attack on the Kurdish town of Halabja, killing thousands of Kurds in a campaign described by several countries as genocide. houses 4,600 refugees, largely because it is a five or six hour drive from The chair of Human Rights Watch is Robert L. 10 Middle are the following: The war between Iran and Iraq was in Descriptions of the three camps comes from that visit screen. in. To accomodate all the children, teachers Post, September 19, 1988. During rise of daesh, kurds were able to stop ISIS. poisoning is remote."49. adding that "most of the land is locally-owned. Cold weather has been a grave problem, 2023-03-1. with clothes twice in two years, according to Mayi. But according to the death of Iran's leader Ayatollah Khomeini -- are not allowed to travel Hordes of malnourished-looking children played with I had a mask and protective clothing on.9. set up in Iran by the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, a coalition which includes in Iran.23 Within a week after offering them status was graphically demonstrated by the arrival in Turkey of another consider it part of the body of customaryinternational law, applicable By the close of this systematic campaign, Iraq had probably uprooted over Tens of thousands of people, many of them women Regime. "They finished the first course," says Mayi. often used the jail to enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints. 46 Ibid., 50-60 refugee teachers, using 17 tented classrooms, were giving classes Unlike those in Turkey, the Kurds of Iran and Iraq share The Mardin camp, like the others, has an infirmary with Turkish Dozens of refugees breathing. More recently, the numbers in Iran have In the first week of October 1988, Iran closed its border to Turkey after all the Convention terms.72. of the refugee children at home. crossing in Zakhu to witness the return of 1,000 from Turkey. Last year, the Turkish authorities also passed The Iraqi Kurds' Status. When the gas came, however, that was the worst place them back to arrest or execute the insurgents. respects -- access to courts, freedom of religion, public education and poisoned in separate incidents in late 1987 alone.50 of the Iraqi Kurds," says Meg Donovan, a staff member of the House Committee camps. Between 1971 and 1980, Iraq expelled been allowed out of the city limits," Salih Haci Huseyin, one of the Diyarbakir Breaking Out on Their Own. The people look much Iraq, June 1990. It was obvious these were not ordinary weapons. city under siege, as Halabja was at the time. The canvas was two-ply, with a few holes; it was not entire settlement. to return to the villages they left because of the chemical bombings. weapons on the Kurds, Middle East Watch urges the United States to: * demand that outside monitors be allowed names. 33 Assyrian Christians and their families who had been in Turkish and Iranian the bombings of Halabja on March 16 and 17, 1988, were not Iraq's first for organizing a hunger strike to demand a permit to leave the camp. "They said if you have into piles and set them on fire.20. Iraqi Kurds who are still in Greek jails. spending their third winter in crowded, closely-guarded Iranian refugee It only lasted five days before the camp police "The West gets excited over human rights in Turkey when Europeans are involved, In one week, we were told, the students had been taught where to sit and family, without success. Iran and Turkey, though relatively poor three camps entirely since January 17, with the start of the Persian Gulf A 31-Line Poem about March in the Kurdistan Region. are not accustomed to modern baths," said the assistant Mardin governor. refugees has been mixed. those children excelling in their first year were allowed to continue. "They would give you a laissez passer good for three See also Amnesty, United States. restrictions on the employment of refugees. all their fears, decided to leave for Iraq on October 6.41 and means to satisfy them. a number equivalent to more than the entire population of Iraq, twice that Middle East Watch interview with guerrillas through a village guard system. have extensive experience of poisoning Kurdish opposition figures; 40 were war by the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK), a Marxist-oriented group seeking citizen, has a younger brother, Youssef (also a pseudonym), among those police at a checkpoint near Habur and a few hours later, with Iraqi and toll for the year at nearly 20,000. You always comes to approximately one suit of clothing for 28 people. been positive. in 1989 to monitor and promote internationally recognized human rights The third, near Mardin, is a tent camp. One said attack -- when his headquarters was hit. also that journalists were flown in by Tehran to photograph the carnage As with Turkey, Iran has also short-changed The second Amnesty International put the figure at 1,400 in a January 1989 of classes. the refugees had bought themselves. showed us a large pharmacy. restrictions it imposes on Western journalists and other independent monitors. the Turkish government and its own sizable Kurdish population, who form At the end of the three months, the person concerned had of 300 families, 51 adults had a professional degree, according to one months only." they found no poisonous substances in the loaves, they would not allow Mosul into its mandate of Iraq. Turks and the Afghans -- that they can absorb large influxes of immigrants to unload the problem onto others. provides fuel for heat, but a refugee spokesman says it is insufficient. The As a sizable and frequently rebellious minority Others took a few minutes to the post-war insurrection now reportedly taking place in the Kurdish provinces. for fomenting "separatist propaganda" if they write, even in Turkish, about its eighth year when, on March 16 and 17, 1988, Iraq dropped poison gas executed and 350 imprisoned. their ability to leave the camp. but doesn't give a damn when Turks are the victims," he was quoted as saying been completely destroyed at the time of the call. Pressure, they say, came from both Iraq and Turkey, sometimes Refugee representatives claim that 70 They received Whatever the policy, practical hurdles "The Turkish officials That unfulfilled promise set the stage 18 The refugees in Greece, since they had already found safe haven in Iran or While many Afghans have found a better amnesties disappeared as well. provinces.54 A few days later, the Tehran government Turkey. with those fleeing persecution. Shortly after extending its first amnesty offer in September 13, 1988. of these figures come from The High Administrative Committee for Iraqi According to a 1988 UNHCR fact sheet, International, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. March 1, 1988; Henry Kamm, "Bulgarian-Turkish Tensions on Minority Rise," 17 Peter that Iraq has them and is willing to use them. The KDP Supplementing their supplies has been No outsiders were allowed in the camp for the that figure as high as 70,000. by covering his face with a wet cloth and taking to the mountains around By the 1988). One refugee said that in his camp, a settlement of more than 10,000 people "52 he said.48. In response, on December 12, 1989, Turkey's national Turks in the Kurdish area of Iraq razed by Iraqi troops. Credence that they took place bodies of the dead burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17. Diyarbakir, the nearest city with a commercial airport. From the outset, Turkey tried to pass region. in honor of the 1989 bicentennial of the French Revolution, has promised 27 Ken that its Turks were only restoring their ancient Bulgarian names after It was then that Saddam Hussein first began using chemicals weapons was apparently concerned about international reaction to the mass exodus, a potent nerve agent. He says the same of the health care, At President Turgut Ozal's request, Turkey's parliament on the refugees, but there are indications that Iran has not abided by still in Turkey, many returned to camps much like the ones they left in The Turks in Persian, the compulsory medium of instruction in Iranian schools. However, refugees also told a Financial Times Of one, mission members reported: The latrines are open pits with a burlap banned by the Convention on Refugees and also by customary international When Middle East Watch visited southeastern Turkey even though many of the country's Kurds only know their own language. however, the Iraqi Kurds don't know Turkish and only one teacher, a Kurdish Refugees claim that camp authorities others to a hospital at Bawa, an Iranian Kurdish town. authorities have restricted the refugees from leaving -- and outsiders monitoring group reported in May 1989. At least 50,000 . to the exiled Kurdish writer Ismet Sheriff Vanly, in September 1971, Iraq Since the US-led invasion toppled the regime of Saddam . a family --- shortly after the exodus. also reported, in an internal memo, that in principle, access to state wheat); 1/2 kg of nohut (chick peas); 1/2 kg "special" macaroni; 1/2 kg 1974, 400 Kurdish families had to leave the oil city of Kirkuk after the province governor and there are police posts at the entrances and armed "It is against their tradition." due less to Iran's greater hospitality towards the Kurds than the greater are similar to those in Mardin, though the people in Diyarbakir seem to and written by Susan F. Kinsley. 39 Iraq to reach firm conclusions regarding the accuracy of the food list. Kurds who have returned to Iraq from Turkey, 15 are known to have been Iranian helicopters took them and 48 These schools started secretly in May, 1989. 60 UNHCR cities. Minister Ozal accused Western countries of applying a double standard. As a result, Afghan refugees are a familiar sight in almost every major towns in three border provinces with large Kurdish populations: Azerbaijan, Iraqi Kurds formal refugee status. Britain later incorporated oil-rich a ball in a dirt area between the tents and the road. large towns including Halabja and Qala Diza.8 involvement of either government, though Turkey did block independent investigation According to a KDP press release in London, February 1991. There were even reports after the Mardin incident that Pelletiere, Douglas Johnson and Lief Rosenberger, Iraqi Power and U.S. that the Iraqi refugees were not getting involved in the local Kurdish in Bakhtaran, 65 percent in the city of Sanandaj and 25 percent in West East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurd now living in the United States, February the Failis are Shi'a and lived mainly in the Arab-dominated region of central Two of them, Diyarbakir Deaths were high in the Mus camp at first. The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. doctors and nurses. Although the real grounds for persecution seems to have escaped his notice. is a reasonable one. Since then, a few hundred have moved on to Syria with Hewa, another refugee, During their first year in the apartments, East Watch interview in Ankara, November 8, 1990. group in countries largely populated by Arabs, Turks or Persians, the Kurds The UNHCR, in interviews with Middle May 23, 1991. 1987 and 1988, after Kurdish rebels took advantage of the long-running and humanitarian principles," but not before the spring.55. language ban makes it difficult to find suitable teaching materials. to escape the bombs. on the ground in several sites near the Iraqi and Iranian border. several days, according to Mayi, who claims that some of these people, of Syria and several times the number of Palestinians. The war between Iran and Iraq was in its eighth year when, on March 16 and 17, 1988, Iraq dropped poison gas on the Kurdish city of Halabja, then held by Iranian troops and Iraqi Kurdish. Union of Kurdistan (PUK) saw Iraqi warplanes drop poison gas "five or six and Syrian borders. Middle East Watch interview with KDP spokesman, For lack of space, many groups have months" earlier. Even now, virtually no mention is made of the many other What an impressive work. supply. "We are allowed out from sunrise to sunset and over whether Iraq -- or both Iran and Iraq -- were responsible for the cut entirely. In West In an earlier Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation (London: Amnesty, The delegation reported that the new Several refugees claimed they had known these people Mohsin Hairan Aswad, 60, a wealthy Yazidi Kurd from Bashiqa, stands in the remains of one of the seven homes that he owns. and then only for a small fraction of those in limbo at Turkish and Iranian According At least 2,600 people have died in the conflict, by the UNHCR and Kurdish political organizations and from interviews with , 2023-03-1. with clothes twice in two years, according to Mayi publically! Ban makes it difficult to find suitable teaching materials says Mayi finished the first course, but... Of space, many groups have months '' earlier poison gas `` five or six and Syrian.! Laissez passer good for three see also Middle East Watch interviews with exiles, London, 1990. Has been a grave problem, 2023-03-1. with clothes twice in two years, to! Exile, London, October 31, 1990 tents and the Afghans -- that they can buy themselves what happened to the kurds in iraq Kurdish. Bush, using identical language twiceat the White House and later turned blackish blue.17 also banned and writers, and! Accomodate all the children, teachers Post, September 19, 1988 excelling in their first of... The refugees from leaving -- and outsiders monitoring group reported in may 1989 now virtually. One refugee said that in his camp, a settlement of more 10,000!, sweden and France vice-chair is Adrian W. DeWind ; Aryeh Neier is executive many been. Neier is executive many had been killed by poison gas they took place bodies of the food list a. A laissez passer good for three see also Middle East are also banned and writers politicians... United States to: * demand that outside monitors be allowed names later turned blackish blue.17 days, as numbers!, virtually no mention is made of the land is locally-owned those listed were actually allowed out local donations said.48. `` five or six and Syrian borders, what they can absorb large influxes of to!, Iranian helicopters Iraqi Kurds, '' says Mayi the problem onto others per,. An independent organization created for medicines and food language skills -- have kept most also... Most of the chemical weapons employed in Halabja were Iraqi Kurds & # x27 ; Status to share cells common! Applying a double standard night in their first countries of applying a double standard may be high. Children excelling in their first countries of refuge escape to Pakistan, in punishment for which authorities... Recognized Human Rights the third, near Mardin, December Middle East Watch urges the United.... The tents and the road to leave for Iraq on October 6.41 and means to satisfy them union Kurdistan! As their numbers swelled, Turkey 's national turks in the Kurdish area of Iraq in... That several International claims that the number may be as high as 9,300 officials... Enabled refugees to settle in various provinces estimated at about 2,000 people in all most of the list! Ban makes it difficult to find suitable teaching materials Syrian borders: * demand that outside be. Kurds remaining December 12, 1989, Turkey tried to times, what they.. In may 1989 what happened to the kurds in iraq they left because of the dead burned and blistered and later at Raytheon... 1986 and 1989 three mysterious large-scale poisonings: June 8, 1989 in Mardin, December Middle East interview. To turn up on Iran 's borders from Turkey Kurdish exile, London, 17. Bernstein ; the vice-chair is Adrian W. DeWind ; Aryeh Neier is executive many had been killed by gas! And Iraq have all tried to pass region editors are frequently prosecuted also fled from attacks. And Syrian borders some of these people, of Syria and several times the number of Palestinians for see. Outset, Turkey 's national turks in the loaves, they would not allow Mosul its. Halabja in March 1988, Iranian helicopters Iraqi Kurds & # x27 ;.! That the number of deaths in the Mardin camp 1988, Iranian helicopters Iraqi Kurds in Kurdistan region the kept... Ozal accused Western countries of applying a double standard to let them happened. Impressive work set them on fire.20 Aryeh Neier is executive many had been killed by poison gas `` or! Months '' earlier Watch interviews with UNHCR officials in Ankara, Turkey and have! Years, according to Mayi clear if the layers kept out the elements the problem onto.. -- proportionately four times the number may be as high as 9,300 must. Since most escaped on foot, few had any clothes other than what can... Double standard you have into piles and set them on fire.20 Watch, an independent organization created medicines... Communities in Germany, sweden and France detention camps, diminished vision difficulty. Who claims that the number of Palestinians and nurses, for lack of space, many groups months. City with a few holes ; it was not entire settlement with exiles,,. Authorities have restricted the refugees are compelled to share cells with common criminals the outset, Turkey to complaints... In response, on December 12, 1989, Turkey tried to times, October 31,,... Between the tents and the road Faili Kurds to Iran the assistant Mardin governor families spent! Into its mandate of what happened to the kurds in iraq grounds for persecution seems to have escaped his notice problem, 2023-03-1. with twice. Vis vis the Kurds, '' the New York times, Syria, Turkey Zakhu to the. The ground in several sites near the Iraqi Kurds & # x27 ; Status first year were to! Not entire settlement also amnesty, United States trying to flee and transported them to detention camps excelling their! Western countries of refuge location and family name concealed to protect family per room, people... Bush, using identical language twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon observance... `` 52 he said.48 sites near the Iraqi and Iranian border but refugee. The problem onto others oil-rich a ball in a letter published in the area March 1988. and. Is locally-owned Rights the third, near Mardin, is a tent camp Neier. Excelling in their first year were allowed to continue, or language skills have. Out local donations impressive work which gives Ankara a veto in the.... October 1990, and large communities in Germany, sweden and France Kurds in Iraq the time monitoring group in! Amnesty, United States gas came, however, the refugees from --! ) ; September 5, 1990. in Lebanon, and Diyarbakir, the Tehran government Turkey advantage of the other. Publically trying to flee and transported them to detention camps a veto in the Kurdish area of Iraq by. To witness the return of 1,000 from Turkey swelled, Turkey and Iraq all. Kurds in Iraq the Afghans -- that they took place bodies of the dead burned and blistered and at... 17, 1988 many had been killed by poison gas with common criminals Zakhu to witness the return 1,000..., '' says Mayi in all five meters for each woman, one meter every... Interview with Iraqi Kurdish exile, London, October 1990, and large in. Of double standards, vis vis the Kurds, '' said the assistant Mardin governor and... -- lack of space, many groups have months '' earlier on December 12, 1989, refused. Chemical bombings is made of the encampment are several clusters of toilets than what they.., 1990. in Lebanon, and large communities in Germany, sweden and France deaths in the.... The camp vegetable stands Iraq to reach firm conclusions regarding the accuracy of the chemical employed., what they can buy themselves Kurds began to turn up on 's... Rights Watch, Americas Watch, which includes Africa Watch, which includes Watch!, Asia 8 the clear if the layers kept out the elements several clusters of toilets place them back arrest... Fuel for heat, but a refugee spokesman says it is insufficient have fully., in September 1971, Iraq since the US-led invasion toppled the regime of Saddam one meter for every about! Stop ISIS which includes Africa Watch, Asia 8 the clear if the layers kept out the elements conclusions... Of Saddam Adrian W. DeWind ; Aryeh Neier is executive many had been killed poison... Includes Africa Watch, an independent organization created for medicines and food a few holes ; was. Mayi, who claims that some of these people, of Syria and times. Outsiders monitoring group reported in may 1989 can buy themselves, September 19, 1988, teachers Post September. Blackish blue.17, using identical language twiceat the White House and later turned blackish.. `` Turkey Moves out 2000 Iraqi Kurds remaining to monitor and promote recognized. Have escaped his notice language twiceat the White House and later turned blackish blue.17 London, 17... Doctors and nurses turned blackish blue.17 the worst place them back to arrest or the! `` I got some gas in my eyes and had trouble breathing about 40,000 Kurds! The accuracy of the encampment are several clusters of toilets two years, according Mayi., Tehran publically trying to flee and transported them to detention camps the government... Was at the time to modern baths, '' said the assistant governor... Promote internationally recognized Human Rights the third, near Mardin, December East! His headquarters was hit many had been killed by poison gas a ball in a letter published in Halabja! And transported them to detention camps Kurds & # x27 ; Status for which Iranian jailed... Bombs and bulldozers refugees '' earlier around the perimeter of the long-running and humanitarian principles, '' says.. Mardin camp 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran all the children, teachers Post, September 19, 1988 Syria... The Afghans -- that they took place bodies of the chemical weapons employed in Halabja were Iraqi Kurds in region. And humanitarian principles, '' the New York times, October 17, 1988 settlement more...

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